The Epidemic Of HIV AIDS In Africa - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 871 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: AIDS (HIV) Essay Did you like this example? Peoples lives are at risk! Africa is currently experiencing a major HIV/AIDS epidemic. HIV/AIDS is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and a sexually transmitted disease. It can cause night sweats, fever, depression, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Epidemic Of HIV AIDS In Africa" essay for you Create order This horrendous disease is striking most of Africa. Many countries are in need of inspection, such as Tanzania, who has reached out and asked for help with multicultural. HIV/AIDS is creating chaos in Africa, specifically in Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Kenya.Ethiopia had over 250,000 deaths in 1990 due to HIV/AIDS, making it the hardest hit country in Africa. a total of 28,000 deaths due to AIDS and an estimated 800,000 AIDS orphans annually. When the children parents die of HIV/AIDS the children have no other choice, but to be put into orphanages. The rapidly increasing number of orphans each year will continue to grow in Ethiopia because HIV/AIDS is still a major issue. HIV/AIDS is transferred through sexual contact between males and females. HIV/AIDS is the major strain of virus in Ethiopia, transmission is largely through heterosexual contact and to a lesser extent to mother-to-child transmission. HIV/AIDS is likely to decrease the life expectancy of Ethiopians by 4.6 years because of all of the all of the babies being born with HIV/AIDS. It also causes an increase in the infant mortality rate because most babies are born dead due to HIV/AIDS from their mother. This outbreak in Ethiopia is going to cause the population to rapidly decrease. Ethiopians are taking action in preventing HIV/AIDS by assisting others affected and infected. They are providing others with the materials and support they need. Not far behind Ethiopia is Nigeria with its HIV/AIDS epidemic. Nigeria is home to 3.2 million people infected with HIV/AIDS. Making it the second largest population with HIV/AIDS. Most Nigerians that are infected are unaware that they have HIV/AIDS. This is due to the lack of methods of testing HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. There are not many doctors or hospitals in Africa, so there is not enough treatment present in Nigeria, causing more HIV/AIDS deaths.   Sex workers and low condom use are two major contributors to Nigerias epidemic. According to Nigerias National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), sex workers, specifically women have had some behavioral changes. In July 2015, it found female sex workers to be using condoms regularly and increasingly aware of HIV risk. The Nigerian women are taking action in protecting thems elves from HIV/AIDS, which can aid in maintaining a healthy, long-living population. The use of condoms prevents transferring HIV/AIDS from person to person while performing sexual intercourse, thus contributing to a healthy population. With rare and expensive treatments, Nigerian families influenced by HIV/AIDS have to spend money very carefully, seeing that it is scarce due to medical expenses. When large expenditures go towards treatment and funerals, caregiving responsibilities increase and income is lost as a result of premature mortality. This will affect child education and nutrition. This will also cause a change in focus for the adults in the family, instead of maintaining a career and income, their focal point will be directed to caring for theirfamilies. HIV/AIDS also increases the mortality rate in Nigeria, due to all of the young HIV/AIDS cases who have died. Unlike Nigeria,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kenya has been able to provide prevention for HIV/AIDS. Kenya is also a country in Africa that is highly affected by HIV/AIDS. However, they have had a decrease in new infections due to their prosperous HIV/AIDS prevention systems. Kenyas epidemic is being caused by the humiliation and discrimination Kenyans are afraid of if they choose to get tested for HIV/AIDS. By not knowing if they are infected or not, leaves the Kenyans that are infected at risk for death by HIV/AIDS. This will soon lead to huge death rates in Kenya. Ferreira and Pessoa (2003) consider a continuous-time model with premature mortality due to HIV/AIDS where an individuals decision about schooling depends on her life expectancy. Getting tested for HIV/AIDS is common sense, especially if they feel they show many of the symptoms. By not getting tested, they are putting themselves at risk as well as others. This is where the education or common sense role comes into play, as their decision to get tested depends on their life. The life expectancy in Kenya is most likely to decrease if Kenyans keep this poor mindset and fear being discriminated against getting tested for HIV/AIDS. Although there has been some success in preventing HIV/AIDS, this epidemic still resides as a problem in Africa. Affecting countries such as Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Kenya, HIV/AIDS has caused about half a million deaths in Africa. HIV/AIDS is caused by people engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse. Regardless of the steps taken to prevent HIV/AIDS it still remains a major issue. Steps such as programs to educate people about HIV/AIDS, treatment, and even condom supply have not been completely effective. HIV/AIDS affects the populatio n, life expectancy, and mortality rate because there is no cure. HIV/AIDS will continue to plague Africa until people begin to follow the necessary precautionary steps.

The Topic Of Legalizing Marijuana For Recreational Use

The topic of legalizing marijuana for recreational use has long been a controversial topic. Back in 1996, California became first state to legalize medical cannabis, lighting a fuse across the nation. Fast forward to the year 2012 and thus began states legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes. Those states were Colorado and Washington. Following those states was the announcement of Alaska voting to legalizing weed for recreational us in 2014. After them came Oregon and Washington D.C. in 2015 and in 2016 were the announcements California, Maine, Massachusetts, and Nevada. From this data one can see each year more and more states have decided to lower their conditions and punishments on the use marijuana. Politicians have even gone to†¦show more content†¦The vast majority of them were marijuana related. In 2012 Colorado had risen to third in the nation where college students were considered marijuana users at over 25 percent. At that time the national average was rough ly 19 percent (Stimson, 2014). The unintended consequences did not stop at the students either. Many Colorado natives and visitors took advantage of the new law by often driving while under the influence of marijuana. A great majority of DUI arrest involved marijuana and approximately 24 to 40 percent were marijuana alone. People were clearly more carefree when it came to driving and being under the effects of marijuana at the same time. In 2013, nearly 50 percent of Denver adult arrestees tested positive for marijuana, a 16 percent increase form 2008. Hospitalization related to marijuana increased 82 percent since 2008 (Stimson, 2014). Positive Consequences Just as there have been many cases of negative consequences for the legalization of marijuana†¦there have also been positive cases. Over the years, the marijuana industry has developed rapidly and generated thousands of new jobs. After the legalization of weed over 18,000 full-time jobs were created and added roughly 2.4 billion USD (US Dollars) to the state of Colorado’s economy. Colorado also accumulated over 10 million USD in taxes from retail sales in the first four months (â€Å"7 Ways Marijuana Legalization Has Already Benefited Colorado In Only 8Show MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?972 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana Legalization For thousands of years, marijuana has been used for a myriad of purposes ranging from medical use to recreational use. Although small steps are being for marijuana legalization across the country, there is still a long way to go. Some folks argue that marijuana is a gateway drug and impairs judgement, causing people to act recklessly. However, extensive studies have been conducted on the effects, risks, and benefits of marijuana, and have proven marijuana to be safer thanRead MoreEssay on Legalizing Recreational Marijuana in the United States1131 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of legalizing recreational marijuana in the United States has been a very controversial one. States such as Colorado and Washington have gone on the offensive and have legalized recreational marijuana and have enjoyed the high revenues brought in from cannabis sale. On the other hand other states have kept low profiles because they are wary of the possible negative outcomes of legalizing recre ational marijuana and are using the states of Colorado and Washington as guineaRead MoreEssay about Should Marijuana Be Legalized in the United States?1569 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic of legalizing recreational marijuana in the United States has been a very controversial one. States such as Colorado and Washington have gone on the offensive and have legalized recreational marijuana and have enjoyed the high revenues brought in from cannabis sale. On the other hand other states have kept low profiles because they are wary of the possible negative outcomes of legalizing recreational marijuana and are using the states of Colorado and Washington as guinea pigs to see whatRead MoreIt Is Time to Legalize Marijana1700 Words   |  7 Pagesregardless. I remember being told this my entire life and even to this very day. But as I got older I realized that people would still use drugs even though it’’s illegal. I could never understand why someone would go against the l aw and jeopardize their life just to use drugs? The drug that I am talking about is marijuana, and surprisingly it is all around us. Marijuana is even referred to in today’s media Mainstream media sources that people enjoy, like music, movies, and TV shows, do not even botherRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesregardless. I remember being told this my entire life and even to this very day. But as I got older I realized that people would still use drugs even though it’s illegal. I could never understand why someone would go against the law and jeopardize their life just to use drugs? The drug that I am talking about is marijuana, and surprisingly it is all around us. Marijuana is even referred to in today’s media Mainstream media sources that people enjoy, like music, movies, and TV shows, do not even botherRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana1550 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Marijuana: Benefits and Statistics The topic of legalizing marijuana has been a topic of controversy for quite some time now not only throughout our local streets, but throughout the local and into the state government. The legalization of marijuana is such a controversial topic because some are for it and some are against it. People are for the legalization because of the great uses it has towards medicine, the money that could come from the taxation of legalized marijuana, and theRead MoreThe Myths Of Legalizing Marijuana1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Myths of Legalizing Marijuana A controversial social topic surrounding our time has been the issue of legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes. Cannabis sativa, also known as marijuana, was classified by the United States government as a class I drug in 1970, which means that it is against the law to possess and distribute this illegal substance (Source 2). However, in recent years, many states have made marijuana more accessible for medical and recreational use. States such as ColoradoRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pages Legalization of Marijuana Marijuana is not a recent discovery, but the mysteries surrounding the controversial topic in question remains to be disputed since its prohibition. Classified as an illegal substance, cannabis has been restricted in Canada and around the world. Marijuana is a complex drug and its contradictory claims of medical purposes, and harmful destruction, fuel the debate on whether or not the legal constraints of consuming marijuana should be reconsidered. In consideration of academicRead MoreEssay on Research on Legalizing Marijuana1492 Words   |  6 PagesLegalize It Lobdell 1 Legalize It Legalizing Marijuana has been a controversial and extremely volatile topic ever since the 1970’s. Many people hold strong beliefs regarding this topic and the subsequent laws that have been passed in certain states for the use of the recreational drug. However, marijuana is not just a recreational drug, but has many different wonderful medical purposes for the American people. Marijuana should be legalized for recreational and medical purposes throughout this countryRead MorePersuasive Essay On Legalizing Marijuana1746 Words   |  7 PagesLegalizing Marijuana Can you imagine being just six-years-old and suffering from over three hundred violent seizures a week? From birth, Charlotte Figi suffered from a rare form of epilepsy, which caused these seizures. After trying everything to help Charlotte, her parents finally decided to try medical marijuana, and it worked! Charlotte still had seizures, but now, she had maybe two or three seizures a month instead of three hundred a week. Charlotte’s story and many similar stories, along

Management Strategies and Social Responsiveness †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Management Strategies and Social Responsiveness. Answer: Introduction The aim of the assignment is to analyse the energy company called Enron established in Houston Texas. The key components of the report include discussion of the companys failure towards its stakeholders with a brief discussion on the infamous Enrons scandal. Further report identifies and analyses the organisational behaviour factors that contributed to the failure followed by the SWOT analysis of the company. The report highlights the strength and he weakness of the company and analyses the opportunities and threats. The remedial response taken by the company to address the failure is discussed briefly and strategies to overcome such failure is recommended. Ken Lay created Enron in 1986, an energy company established in Houston Texas. Within ten years of span, it was recognised as seventh largest company in Texas. The company was involved in transmission and distribution of the power. The crucial factor that led to the failure of the company towards its stakeholders is the unethical leadership. The leadership issues for the purpose of gaining prosperity made the company bankrupt. It effected all the stakeholders of the company including the investors, creditors, thousands of employees, senior executives, suppliers, clients, shareholders, community and the government (Prebble 2016). Description of the event The company failed to cope up with the internal and external situation due to lack of competency and ethical leadership. The managing directors of the company were driven by the goal of profit maximisation and Jeffrey Skilling employed the narcissistic leadership. It is the destructive leadership where the subordinates and the employees were dominated for selfish motto of the organisation. The top executives of the company breached the code of conduct (Broni et al. 2017). The company started with the innovative idea of buying electricity from different companies and selling it to individual customers while charging everyone along the way. This ground breaking idea generated enormous profit and led to competitive environment. The company focused on share price tactics obsessively. It purchased the electricity and deliberately shut down the power plant in California due to increase in value of the power outages. Major cash drain occurred due to excessive compensation plan. The company misled the investors and the creditors with false financial information. Enron manipulated the energy market, and earned money at the immense cost of others. The firm projected itself as highly profitable, growing company. This later turned out to be a negative popularity as analysing the companys financial statements showed massive debts that were concealed in a manner to show profits. However, the auditors did not perform their duty well and failed to highlight the red f lags. After the performance evaluation, the lowest portion of the employees was fired without consideration (Dibra 2016). It had impacted the stakeholders of the company financially and emotionally. Other financial firms, banking, insurances and brokerages were drawn into the legal battles. Organisational behaviour (OB) refers to the behaviour of leaders and the employees in the work that differs from that in social setting and effects the management in the organization. A companys success is determined by the organisational behavioural factors such as culture, change management, motivation, and decision making (Hosseini and Mahesh 2016). In this context the OB factors that contributed to the Enrons scandal and failure towards stakeholders are- unethical leadership, dominating culture, inappropriate decision making-authority and poor management controls that led to faulty corporate governance structure (Stahl et al. 2016). Analyse the identified OB factors According to Broni et al. (2017), the employees are likely to act ethically if the managers and the executives of the company lead in ethical direction. Enron did not maintain the ethical standards that resulted in the breakdown of the corporate governance and culture. The autocratic and dominative leadership created a pessimistic culture where the leaders demanded only conformity. The leaders focused on profit-making, obsessed with the bottom line and penalised employees for dissent (Markham 2015). Therefore the employees too accepted the unethical acts in daily duties due to cutthroat competition. Employees did not report the harsh organisational behaviour for fearing of losing jobs and considered the leadership trait of integrity as non-factor (Meymandi et al. 2015). Employees are motivated with rewards that are fair and equitable. The auditors did not honesty disclose the financial statements of Enron. These employees completely lost the integrity to speak the truth as they were rewarded for obeying dishonest rules in Enron ad focusing on profit. In order to know the massive debts and real financial situation of Enron one of the important group member Andrew Fastow, gave external motivation to the employees (Tan and Yeo 2013). The poor cooperate governance in the Enron was attributed to egoism or self interest of the top executives. These leaders put their own interests above those of their employees, and public. The company failed to shoulder responsibilities for unethical events. According to Friedman and Gerstein (2017), a companys culture can be influenced positively if the managers are clear about the vision and values and practicing them on a daily basis. This aspect was lacking in Enron and is evident from the lack of transparency in financial accounting. Innovation and creativity in the organisation is simulated by informed risk taking. This proves requires robust, effective communication between employee and executives. In any organisation, the decision-makers should have adequate experience and information for delegation of decision-making authority (Shapiro and Stefkovich 2016). In case of inappropriate delegation of decision was observed as the company radically shifted to new risk-taking business areas without having risk managing skills. At higher level the new risk-taking financial schemes lacked a certain degree of control. It was found that the chief financial officer of the company operated without professional accounting qualification. In acc ounting system the performance evaluation revealed five types of manipulations. There was no information sharing with employees (Breevaart et al. 2014). This internal mechanism that is playing the decisive role indicates poor corporate governance. SWOT of Enron SWOT analysis is the useful tool to determine the strength and weakness of the company, the opportunities and threats. It can be defined as a systematic model that gives direction to develop the market plan. SWOT indicates what an organisation can do and cannot do, the favourable conditions available for success (Alleyne 2016.). The SWOT of Enron is presented below Strength Weakness Opportunities Threats Marketing and value delivery Human capital pool Innovative company During failure the weaknesses observed are- Failed board of directors Conflicts of interests Unethical practices Corporate culture The innovative strategies of Enron provided many favourable conditions- Supply of high quality energy Clean energy Business merger and acquisition Market development in Asian countries Threats due to global environment and the external business are- Increase in competition Regulation Subprime Mortgage crisis Terrorist threats Analyse the companys strength and weaknesses Enron met the needs of the clients and the customers by robust marketing strategies. It was successful in delivering the customer value at profit which was strength of the company. According to Khan (2017) human capital is the factor that determines the success of the company. Enron was using experienced skill set that has helped it to manipulate the accountings and the financial statements while manipulating the regulations in the logical way. They recruited pool of workers who intelligently used different accounting standard. This aspect was both positive in terms of profit generation and negative in terms of unethical behaviour. As Enron was involved in five different lines of businesses, the large number of employees was having a big chunk of stocks or shares. Innovative strategies more than following the mundane guidelines make a business successful (Mariani 2017). Shifting to energy trading company from the energy and natural gas transportation was an innovative idea. With the expansion of the business the Enron was gaining more and more financial support from the top most financial institutes (Prebble 2016). According to Markham (2015) it is the role of the board of directors to act through its committee and monitor the business to be ahead of developments both in and out of corporation and address the limitations. In addition to monitoring, the directors should evaluate the decisions of the management, reflect on its influence and actively design an alternate plan. However, Enron failed to take these steps. Enrons board of directors failed to delineate the mission of the organisation and specify to management about the strategic methods. When Enron collapsed, the Sarbanes ACT was already enacted. It was also necessary for a company to adhere to the conflict of interest policy (Broni et al. 2017). Unethical practices of Enron led to conflict of interest. Malfunctioning in accounts department ruined the entire business infrastructure. It led to pessimistic corporate culture. The autocratic leadership in Enron shaped a negative behaviour of the employees that helped in the artwork of the f raud accounting. Analyse the opportunities and threats In the book of the managerial economy the supply is defined as amount of services and good that people sell in a given time at different prices, where other factors remain constant (Armstrong and Taylor 2014.). Enron was a leading business in terms of supply high quality energy. In North America and all over the Europe there was an increase in demand by the economies in need of energy. This gave new opportunities to Enron such as meeting new demands for clean energy. With the reduction of pollution being the main concern in US, Enron had bright opportunity with its franchise policy, innovative culture, online established market, technology and other assets to be a prime contributor of clean and renewable energy (Prebble 2016). The strengths of the company gave it an opportunity to open to merger or acquisition. Enron could use one or more strategy in this aspect to grow due to its experience of merger. According to Abdel-Khalik (2016), a business can go global by market penetration, development of new markets or capture a large portion of existing market by market saturation. If Enron would not have collapsed it had a golden opportunity to tap into the market of India and China using its many options such as joint ventures, franchising, acquisition and licensing. These two countries are emerging as big energy consumers and are in need of energy to keep their industries operational (McLean and Elkind 2013). Since, Enron failed due to unethical practices it is unable to experience the fierce competition by big companies in US that are ready to engulf a large share of the energy market. It is the treat to the company that the other threat includes the new regulation due to the greenhouse gas emission. The national and international regulation as a response to the global warming would have effected Enron in Europe for instance the Kyoto protocol (Markham 2015). There would have been decrease in the companys profit due to recession in economy and foreclosure. It would have also resulted in the decreased consumption of natural gas. The subprime mortgage caused the economic recession and mortgage delinquencies (Hosseini and Mahesh 2016). Terrorist attack on Enron line of business was another major threat that may have affected the initiatives and the investments. Remedial response of company and recommendations The remedial option for Enron was innovation in business expansion to different lines. Business merger and acquisition was other remedial option to prevent the profit decline and fraud practice in accounting. It used its assets for more investment in energy and natural gas transportation, which helped Enron to move towards paper and pulp business, develop energy trading markets and increase is business communications. Further, Enron tried to focus more on the growth strategies such as concentration and diversification. These strategies helped the company to have long term profits in all business lines. As per the literature evidence these strategies were all effective in having successful business (Friedman and Gerstein 2017). However, only due to unethical practice it was unsuccessful. The only strategy for preventing another Enron case is to conduct the business in an ethical manner using the exhaustible human capital and maintaining the innovative character. The board of directors should closely monitor the internal environment of organisation. There is a need of reforming the auditing system that will reduce the possibility of the financial disaster (Adams et al. 2017). Further, Auditors independence is required. It is the cornerstone of the capital market. There is a need for the auditors to objectively assess the accounting and financial statements of the publically traded company. It should not be hampered by the long term partnership established between auditors and firms. Auditors response is effective method and should be under scrutiny by the Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board, that was created by Sarbanes-Oxley Act. It will help reduce the conflict of interest. There is a need of government regulations and rules that needs to be updated on timel y basis and should not be relaxed and eliminated (McLean and Elkind 2013). Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion that Enron hit the financial world very drastically. The main cause of failure includes unethical leadership, dominating culture, inappropriate decision making-authority and poor management controls that led to faulty corporate governance structure. It was the biggest corporate bankruptcy. In future such scandal can be prevented by increased regulation and oversight. The only strategy for preventing another Enron case is to conduct the business in an ethical manner using the exhaustible human capital and maintaining the innovative character. There is a need of government regulations and rules that needs to be updated on timely basis and should not be relaxed and eliminated. References Abdel-Khalik, A.R., 2016. How Enron used Accounting for Prepaid Commodity Swaps to Delay Bankruptcy for One Decade: The Shadowy Relationships with Big Banks. Adams, T., Krishnan, J. and Krishnan, J., 2017. Client Influence and Auditor Independence Revisited: Evidence from Auditor Resignations. Alleyne, P., 2016. The influence of organisational commitment and corporate ethical values on non-public accountants whistle-blowing intentions in Barbados.Journal of Applied Accounting Research,17(2), pp.190-210. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A.B., Hetland, H. and Hetland, H., 2014. The influence of constructive and destructive leadership behaviors on follower burnout. InBurnout at work: A psychological perspective(pp. 102-121). Psychology Press, New York City. Broni, G., Velentzas, J. and Papapanagos, H., 2017. Marketing Ethics and Communication Strategy in the Case of Enron Fraud. InAdvances in Applied Economic Research(pp. 269-278). Springer, Cham. Dibra, R., 2016. Corporate Governance Failure: The Case Of Enron And Parmalat.European Scientific Journal,12(16). Friedman, H.H. and Gerstein, M., 2017. Leading with compassion: the key to changing the organizational culture and achieving success.Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management,5(1). Hosseini, S.B. and Mahesh, R., 2016. THE LESSON FROM ENRON CASE.Journal of Current Research,8(08), pp.37451-37460. Khan, C., 2017. Corporate Governance, Management Strategies and Social Responsiveness.Journal of Management Science, Operations Strategies (e ISSN 2456-9305),1(2), pp.1-6. Mariani, G., 2017.MA and Value Creation: A SWOT analysis. G Giappichelli Editore. Markham, J.W., 2015.A financial history of modern US corporate scandals: From Enron to reform. Routledge. McLean, B. and Elkind, P., 2013.The smartest guys in the room: The amazing rise and scandalous fall of Enron. Penguin. Meymandi, A.R., Rajabdoory, H. and Asoodeh, Z., 2015. The Reasons of Considering Ethics in Accounting Job.Economics,2(2), pp.136-143. Prebble, L., 2016.Enron. Bloomsbury Publishing. Shapiro, J.P. and Stefkovich, J.A., 2016.Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Stahl, G.K., Miska, C., Noval, L.J. and Patock, V.J., 2016. IN publicized THE corporate WAKE scandals, OF A MAJOR ECONOMIC CRISIS and highly calls for more responsible corporate governance and leadership continue to grow (eg Pearce Stahl, 2015; Waldman Galvin, 2008). Ethical breaches have become front-page news, such as: Enron and Arthur Andersens questionable accounting practices, misuse of company funds at Merrill Lynch and Elf in France, the collapse of Lehman Brothers, improper payments to government officials by Xerox managers in India, Nikes use of ....Readings and Cases in International Human Resource Management, p.416. Tan, P. and Yeo, G., 2013. Accounting scandals and implications for directors: Lessons from enron. InEncyclopedia of Finance(pp. 495-499). Springer US.

Tutorial of Kinemtatics Essay Example

Tutorial of Kinemtatics Essay Applied Science Department (ASD) Centre for Foundation Studies and Extension Education (FOSEE) PPH 0095 Mechanics Foundation in Engineering ONLINE NOTES Chapter 2 Kinematics FOSEE , MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY (436821-T) MELAKA CAMPUS, JALAN AYER KEROH LAMA, 75450 MELAKA, MALAYSIA. Tel 606 252 3594 Fax 606 231 8799 URL: http://fosee. mmu. edu. my/~asd/ PPH0095 MECHANICS Contents 2. 0 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 2. 8 2. 9 2. 10 2. 11 2. 12 2. 3 Introduction Definitions of Linear Motion Distance Displacement Speed and Velocity Average Velocity Instantaneous Velocity Average Acceleration Instantaneous Acceleration Equations of Linear Motions Motion Graphs Free Falling Objects under gravity Projectile Motion Uniform Circular Motion ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 1/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS Mind Map ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 2/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) define distance, displacement, velocity, acceleration. know how to apply all the equation for linear motion with constant acceleration. raw graph velocity versus time , distance versus time and explain them. understand the concept of free fall and should be able to solve the problem. understand the concept of projectile motion and uniform circular motion and should be able to solve the problem. 2. 0 INTRODUCTION Kinematics is the branch of mechanics which studies the motion of objects without considering the forces that cause the motion. Vector quantities such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration are involved. The study of the motion of objects under the action of forces is called dynamics. The study of the motion of objects, and the related concepts of force and energy, form the field called mechanics. Mechanics is customarily divided into two parts i. e. kinematics and dynamics. †¢ Kinematics : the description of how objects move. Kinematics in one dimension : describing an object that moves along a straight line path, which is one dimensional motion. Kinematics in two dimensions : the description of the motion of objects that move in paths in two (or three) dimensions. †¢ Dynamics : deals with force and why objects move as they do. In this part we will solve the following questions : What akes an object at rest begin to move ? What causes a body to accelerate or decelerate ? What is involved when an object moves in a circle ? We can answer in each case that a FORCE is required. 2. 1 †¢ †¢ DEFINITIONS of LINEAR MOTION Linear motion is motion along a straight line. Three types of motion: †¢ Translational †¢ Rotational †¢ Vibrational A SD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 3/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS †¢ Figure 1 †¢ †¢ We only discuss objects that move without rotating (Figure 1a) Motion in straight line; †¢ Vertical †¢ Horizontal †¢ Slanting Reference Frames †¢ †¢ Any measurement of position, distance or speed must be made with respect to a frame of reference. We will write a custom essay sample on Tutorial of Kinemtatics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tutorial of Kinemtatics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tutorial of Kinemtatics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is always important to specify the frame of reference when stating a speed. In everyday life, we usually mean with respect to the Earth. Position †¢ For one-dimensional motion, we often choose the x axis as the line along which the motion takes place. †¢ The position of an object at any moment is given by its x coordinate. †¢ If the motion is vertical, as for a dropped object, we usually use the y axis. 2. 2 †¢ †¢ †¢ DISTANCE The length of the actual path or total path length. It depends on the frame of reference, for example, Ipoh is 200 km away from Kuala Lumpur. A set of coordinate axes represents a frame of reference. ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 4/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS 2. 3 †¢ †¢ DISPLACEMENT The change in position of the object, i. e. displacement is how far the objects is from its starting point. For example : A change from an initial position xi to the final position xf, the displacement is, ? x = xf xi. The symbol ? (delta) means change in. So ? x means the change in x which is the displacement. It is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction and represented in diagrams by arrows. Example 1 : A person walking 70 m to the east and then turning around and walking back (west) a distance of 30 m. †¢ Total distance = 100 m Displacement = xf xi = 40 m 0 m = 40 m Figure 2 2. 4 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ SPEED and VELOCITY The most obvious aspect of the motion of a moving object is how fast it is moving, i. e. its speed or velocity. Speed is simply a positive number, (i. e. a scalar: having magnitude only) with units. Velocity, on the other hand, is used to signify both the magnitude (numerical value) of how fast an object is moving and also the direction in which it is moving. (velocity is therefore a vector). Average Speed is defined as the total distance travelled along its path divided by the time it takes to travel this distance, i. . average speed = distance travelled time elapsed ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 5/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS 2. 5 †¢ AVERAGE VELOCITY Average velocity is defined as the displacement divided by the elapsed time, i. e. average velocity, v ave = †¢ †¢ x f xi displacement ? x = = time elapsed ? t t f ti Average velocity would be zero if start ing and ending point are the same. Unit : ms-1 Figure 3: Velocity of a car as a function of time at constant velocity. Figure 4: Velocity of a car as a function of time with varying velocity. 2. 6 †¢ †¢ †¢ INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY The instantaneous velocity is the velocity at any instant of time. In general the instantaneous velocity at any moment is defined as the average velocity over an infinitesimally short time interval. We define instantaneous velocity as the average velocity in the limit of ? t becoming extremely small, approaching zero. v = lim †¢ ?t > 0 ?x dx = ? t dt Let ? t approach zero, ? x approaches zero as well. But the ratio ? x/? t approaches some definite value, which is the instantaneous velocity at a given instant. KINEMATICS 6/23 ASD 2011/12 PPH0095 MECHANICS 2. 7 †¢ AVERAGE ACCELERATION Acceleration specifies how rapidly the velocity of an object is changing. Average acceleration is defined as the change in velocity divided by the time taken to make this change, i. e. v f vi change of velocity ? v average acceleration, aave = = = time elapsed ? t t f ti Unit : ms-2 †¢ 2. 8 †¢ INSTANTANEOUS ACCELERATION The instantaneous , a , is defined as the limiting value of the average acceleration as we let ? t approach zero. instantaneous acceleration, a = lim ? dx ? d? ? 2 dv ? dt ? = d x a = = dt dt dt 2 ?t > 0 ? v dv = ? t dt since v = †¢ dx , so dt Acceleration tells us how fast the velocity changes, whereas velocity tells us how fast the position changes. x v= dt and dv d 2 x a = = dt dt 2 2. 9 †¢ EQUATIONS of LINEAR MOTIONS Many practical situations occur in which the acceleration is constant, i. e. the acceleration doesnt change over time. We now treat this situation when the magnitude of the acceleration, a, is constant and the motion is in a straight line. In this case, the instantaneous and average acceleration are eq ual. To simplify our notation, let us take the initial time in any discussion to be zero the elapsed time, t initial velocity , vo the position at time t is s the velocity at time t is v †¢ ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 7/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS †¢ †¢ †¢ The acceleration, which is assumed constant in time , will be a = Multiply both sides by t and get: ? v = vo + at at = v ? vo v ? vo t †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ( 1. 9. 1 ) [omit s] velocity vo v O time t †¢ ?v +v? s=? o ? t ? 2 ? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦( 1. 9. 2 ) [omit a] †¢ Substitute equation (1. 9. 1) into (1. 9. 2), s =( v o + v o + at )t 2 or s = vot + ? at2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ( 1. 9. 3 ) [ omit v ] †¢ †¢ We now derive the fourth equation, which is useful in situations where the time, t is not known. From equation ( 1. 9. 1 ) , solve for t, obtaining t= v ? vo a .. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ( 1. 9. 4 ) †¢ Substituting equation ( 1. . 4 ) into equation ( 1. 9. 3 ), we have ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 8/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS 2 2 ? v + v o v ? v o ? v ? v o s=? ?= 2a ? 2 a ? †¢ Solve for v 2 and obtain 2 v 2 = v o + 2as †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ( 1. 9. 5 ) [ omit t ] †¢ From equation ( 1. 9. 1 ) , solve for vo, obtaining vo = v – at†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (1. 9. 6) †¢ Substitute equation (1. 9. 6) into (1. 9. 2), s =( v + v ? at )t 2 or s = vt ? ? at2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ( 1. 9. 3 ) [ omit vo ] Example 2:: Spotting a police car, you brake a porsche from 75 km/h to 45 km/h over a displacement of 88 m. a) What is the acceleration assumed to be constant ? Given: vo = 75km / h = 75 ? 103 = 20. 83 m/s 3600 45 ? 103 v = 45km / h = = 12. 5 m/s 3600 s = 88 m, a = ? v 2 = vo + 2a s (12. 5 m/s)2 = (20. 83 m/s)2 + 2a(88 m) a = -1. 6 m/s1 2 b) What is the elapsed time ? s = ? (vo + v)t 88 m = ? (12. 5 m/s + 20. 83 m/s)t t = 5. 4 s c) If you continue to slow down with the acceleration calculated in (a), how much time will elapse in bringing the car to rest from 75 km/h ? v = vo + at 20. 83 m/s = 12. 5 m/s + (-1. 6 m/s2 )t t = 13 s ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 9/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS d) In ( c ) what distance will be covered ? s = vot + ? at2 = (20. 3 m/s)(13 s) + ? (-1. 6 m/s2)(13 s)2 = 137 m e) Suppose that later, using the acceleration calculate in (a) but a different initial velocity , you bring your car to rest after travelling 200 m . What is the total braking time ? s = vt ? ? at2 200 m = (0 m/s) t – ? (-1. 6 m/s2) t2 t = 16 s 2. 10 MOTION GRAPHS †¢ The motion of a body can be illustrated by o a displacement-time ( x t ) graph. o a velocity-time ( v ) graph o an acceleration-time ( a t ) graph Displacement-time graph or s t graph of a body shows how the displacement of the body varies with time. o Instantaneous velocity, v= †¢ dx = gradient of the s – t graph. dt Figure 5 shows the x – t graphs for four types of motion. Figure 5a o Constant velocity Velocity = gradient of the graph = constant ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 10/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS Figure 5b o Constant acceleration with initial velocity u = 0 When t = 0, gradient = 0 Gradient increases as t increases ? Velocity increases Figure 5c o Constant acceleration with initial velocity u ? 0 When t = 0, gradient ? 0 hence initial velocity ? 0 Gradient increases as t increases ? Velocity increases ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 11/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS Figure 5d †¢ Non-uniform acceleration When t = 0, gradient ? 0 Hence initial velocity ? 0 When t = t, gradient = 0 Hence velocity = 0 When t = t2, gradient ; 0, Hence velocity is negative. When vel ocity is negative, object is moving in the opposite direction. Velocity–time graph or v – t graph of a body shows how the velocity of a body varies with time. Velocity, v = dx dt Displacement, s = ? v dt = area under the v – t graph. Instantaneous acceleration, a = †¢ dv = gradient of the v t graph at that instant. dt Figure 6 shows the v – t graphs for six types of motion. ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 12/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS Figure 6a Uniform velocity Gradient = 0, acceleration = 0 Displacement from t = t1 to t = t2, s = shaded area , A Figure 6b o Uniform acceleration Initial velocity = 0 Gradient = constant, hence Acceleration = constant Displacement from t = t1 to t = t2, s = shaded area , A ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 13/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS Figure 6c o Uniform acceleration Initial velocity ? 0 Gradient = constant, hence Acceleration = constant Displacement from t = t1 to t = t2, s = shaded area , A Figure 6d o Uniform acceleration Initial velocity ? 0 Co nstant negative gradient implies constant negative acceleration (constant deceleration) ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 14/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS Figure 6e o Non-uniform velocity Initial velocity = 0 Gradient decreases, hence acceleration decreases, Displacement from t = t1 to t = t2, s = shaded area , A Figure 6f o Increasing acceleration Initial velocity = 0 Gradient increases, hence acceleration increases. †¢ Acceleration-time graph or a – t graph of a body shows how the acceleration of the body varies with time. dv a = dt Increase in velocity = ? a dt = area under the a – t graph. Figure 7 shows four acceleration–time graphs. †¢ ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 15/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS Figure 7a o Constant acceleration Gradient=constant Area, A = increase in velocity from t = t1 to t = t2 Figure 7b o Acceleration increases uniformly Gradient=constant Area, A = increase in velocity from t = t1 to t = t2 Figure 7c o Decreasing acceleration Area, A = decreasing in velocity from t = t1 to t = t2 ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 16/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS Figure 7d o Uniform velocity When velocity = constant, acceleration , a = 0 2. 11 FREE FALLING OBJECTS UNDER GRAVITY †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Any object moving freely under the influence of gravity, regardless of its initial motion. When an object is in free fall, we assume that air resistance is negligible and that the only force acting on it is gravity. Object thrown upward/downward, will both experience the same acceleration as an object released from rest. Assuming air resistance is negligible, the rate of acceleration (g) of all objects in free fall is approximately 9. 8 m/s2. The vertical motion of a freely falling object is equivalent to motion in one dimension under constant acceleration. The equations for uniformly accelerated motion can be applied to free fall. Since the motion is vertical, y replaces x and y0 replaces x0 while g replaces the symbol a. It is arbitrary whether we choose y to be positive in the upward or downward direction; but we must be consistent about it throughout a problem’s solution. Thrown downward: a = g = +9. 80 m/s2 Thrown upward: a = g = -9. 80 m/s2 For example: When a ball is thrown vertically upwards, its velocity decreases as it rises because the acceleration of free fall is in the opposite direction to the motion. If the upward direction is assumed to be positive, then the acceleration a = 9. 8 m/s2. When the ball reaches the maximum height, o The velocity v = 0, and o The acceleration a = -9. 0 m/s2 Figure 8 shows the graphs for the motion of the ball. †¢ ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 17/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS Figure 8 †¢ Equations for free-fall acceleration: o v = v o + gt o y = (v + v o )t o y = vo t + gt 2 o y = vt 1 gt 2 2 1 2 1 2 o v = v o + 2gy 2 Example 3: A boy on a bridge throws a stone vertically downward toward the river below with an initial velocity of 14. 7 m/s . If the stone hits the water 2. 00 s later, what is the height of the bridge above the water? Solution: Take y as positive downward Given: v0 = 14. 7 m/s , ( downward) , t = 2. 00 s and g = + 9. 8 m/s/s 1 y y o = v o t + at 2 2 = (14. )(2. 00) + (1 / 2)(9. 8)(2. 00) 2 = 29. 4 + 19. 60 y = 49. 0 m 2. 12 PROJECTILE MOTION †¢ †¢ It is the motion in two dimensions under the action of gravity only (downward) We Can study the motion of a projectile by considering ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 18/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS †¢ †¢ o The vertical component. And o The horizontal component of the motion. The vertical component of motion is motion under uniform acceleration. The horizontal component of motion is motion under uniform velocity If air resistance is negligible, then the horizontal component of motion does not change; thus ax = 0 and vx = vx0 = constant. The vertical component of motion is affected by gravity and is described by the equations for an object in free fall. To describe it, choose a suitable origin, O and the axes (Figure 9). Let vo denote the initial velocity and ? the angle between vo and the positive x-axis. †¢ Figure 9 †¢ From diagram, the motion can divide in two components, horizontal (x-axis) and vertical (y-axis). Two assumptions: o The free-fall acceleration, g is constant over the range of the motion and is directed downward. (-g) o The effect of air resistance is negligible that is the horizontal motion has zero acceleration. x-component 0 vxo = vocos? 0 = 0 vx x y-component -g vyo = vosin? yo = 0 vy y Acceleration Initial velocity Initial position Velocity Position ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 19/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS From this, one can show that: Vertical component (y-component): Vertical velocity component: v y = v yo gt = v o sin ? gt Vertical position component: 1 1 y = v yo t gt 2 = (v o sin ? )t g t 2 2 2 *from v = vo + at *from y = v o t + 1 2 at 2 †¢ At maximum Height, H, the vy = 0. 2 From, v = vo + 2a y 2 0 = (v o sin ? ) 2 ? 2 gH H= v0 sin 2 ? 2g 2 If T is the time taken from O to A, to find the T, y = 0, t = T From, y = v o t + 1 2 at 2 1 gT 2 2 0 = (v o sin ? T ? T = 2v o sin ? g Horizontal component (y-component): Horizontal velocity component : vx = vxo = vo cos ? Horizontal position component : x = vxot = (vo cos ? )t To find the horizontal Range, R, t = T, x = R ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 20/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS From x = vo t + 1 2 at ,a =0 2 ? 2v sin ? ? ? R = (v o cos ? )? o ? ? g ? ? R= v o sin 2? g The maximum horizontal range is achieved when ? = 45o. At any time the distance, r of the projectile from the origin is r = x 2 + y2 By eliminate, the trajectory (the relation between x and y) is a parabola, Vertical position component : y = (v o sin ? )t †¢ 1 2 gt 2 Horizontal position component : x = (vo cos ? ) t x t = v o cos ? ? x ? 1 ? x ? y = (vo sin ? )? ? v cos ? ? ? 2 g ? v cos ? ? ? ? ? ? o ? ? o ? g x2 = (tan ? )x ? 2 2 2vo cos ? = x tan ? ? gx 2 sec 2 ? 2 2v 2 gx 2 y = x tan ? ? 2 (1 + tan 2 ? ) 2v ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 21/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS †¢ Since sin 2? = sin (180o 2? ), there would be two angles of projection, ? and (90o- ? ), that would achieve a particular range R for a certain speed of projection vo . For the speed of projection vo , however, the maximum range is obtained only when the angle of projection is 45o as shown in Figure 10. Figure 10 2. 13 UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION An object that moves in a circle at constant speed is said to experience uniform circular motion where the magnitude of velocity remains constant the direction of velocity continuously change †¢ Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity. The rate of change of velocity depends on the change in direction as well as the change in the magnitude. Therefore, object revolving in a circle is continuously accelerating (even when the speed remains constant). An object moving in a circle of radius r with constant speed v, has an acceleration whose direction is toward the center of the circle and whose magnitude is given by the formula 2 †¢ aR = (Please refer to text book section 5. 2, pages 120, how to get this equation) v r ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 22/23 PPH0095 MECHANICS v1 aR aR v1 Figure 11 †¢ †¢ †¢ The acceleration vector always points toward the center of the circle. The velocity vector always points in the direction of motion (tangent to the circle or perpendicular to the radius of the circle). Circular motion is often described in terms of the frequency f as so many revolutions per second. The period T of an object revolving in a circle is the time required for one complete revolution. T= 1 f v= 2? r T END OF CHAPTER 2. ASD 2011/12 KINEMATICS 23/23

Bush vs. Healthcare essays

Bush vs. Healthcare essays George W. Bush is the Republican candidate for president. His opponent, Al Gore is Vice President of the United States. Medicare and Medicaid are two very important subjects that have to do with Health Care. Bush has many new ideas to try to and help poor seniors to be subsidized. He believes that Medicare prescription drug coverage should be available to low income seniors. According to Bush, Gore has a plan called Mediscare, which hasnt worked for 8 years, and Bush wants to change that.(Issues2000.org) Bush wants to enforce the Rx plan, so that the elderly can get prescription drugs when they need them, for cheaper more affordable prices. The Rx plan works by Patient Rights are another big issue because Health Care Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) often put profits before patients. Bush wants to create a review board to review HMO complaints.(Bush2000.org) He thinks that the elderly should have a choice about theyre Health Care, the bureaucrats shouldnt. Bush doesnt think its right that other people decide on the peoples Health Care, that the people should decide themselves. There will be private alternatives and state reforms. They will come first. HMOs should cover visits to the emergency room, and to the gynecologist. George W. Bush thinks that patients should be able to choose their own coverage if they are not satisfied with what is currently serviced for no extra cost at all. Patients should be able to sue theyre HMOs if they are hurt because of it or denied treatment.(Bush2000) The childrens Health Care Insurance Program(Chips) will help the children who need Health Care by creating more options, including cheaper prices for the parents when the kids are sick. It is aimed at lower income families with children. More kids will be able to get health Care because of this. Also for small businesses there will be a tax cred ...

Revising an Essay

Revising an Essay Revising an Essay Revising an Essay: It Is of Critical Importance They say that to write any essay is a very complicated and brainstorming task. Well, there is a bit of sense about that. However, revising an essay is as hard assignment as essay writing. Without revising essay, it is impossible to receive the highest grade for your essay writing, as even the most professional and experienced academic writers make some definite mistakes. Machines are even mistaken, and we are only people with our problems and thoughts; that is why there is nothing weird about the presence of mistakes. Nevertheless, there is a special way to get rid of those mistakes which are called revising essays. With the help of proofreading, you receive your revision essay and the proper grade, as a result. A Couple of Findings for Your Consideration According to the latest researches of psychologists, it was stated, that as a rule, a person, who makes the revision essays written by his or her own does not notice 37 percent of the made mistakes. However, it does not mean that it is useless to accomplish revising an essay. It only means that if you really want to get rid of the existing mistakes, you have to read your essay out loudly for several times. When you make revising essay for the first time, you just correct the spelling, syntax, and grammar mistakes. When you revising essays for the second and the third times, you start to pay attention to the content and correct lexical mistakes and all the other slips of the tongue. That is why it is just but natural to maintain revising essays. Ways to Revise Your Essay However, there is one more way to receive revision essay. With the help, for example, of our custom essay writing services you can order the service of revision essays. Revising an essay is a rather often used service by the students, as some of them like to write their essays by themselves. However, if they want to be sure that their essays are free of different weaknesses they order revising an essay within the services of our site. Our professional proofreaders do not give any chance to the existing mistakes. That is why revising essay is the perfect option for you to choose in order to receive the high grade for your essay. Revising An Essay is A Key To Success To sum up, it is necessary to emphasize one more time that without revising essay it is impossible to present a good work free of mistakes, as all of us make mistakes. Revising an essay is your key to success and high grade. It does not matter whether you are going to proofread your essay on your own or you are gong to run to the services of revision essay. The only thing, which matters, is the positive result after having revision essays: Interesting posts: Thesis Ideas PhD Thesis Master Thesis How to Make a Thesis Get Dissertation Help

Legal problem question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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PERSONAL REFLECTION - Essay Example The course increased my ability to lead a workforce in an organization, especially based on an engineering environment for which I have a background. The course content opened me to think about my personal style of leadership. Based on what I learnt, I realized that my philosophical approach to leadership can be described as laissez-faire; a rather laid back approach that dwells on adequate information supply but indirect involvement in the affairs of an entity. The leadership style bestows trust on other members of staff and provides feedback on a regular basis, commending and criticizing staffs based on their performances (Famiza, Kassim and Nasharudin, 3). My nature of leadership could develop further through adoption of more technology-guided means of data acquisition for timely reporting of information. I deem I need to get more acquainted with more social media platforms and integrate email and virtual communication forums such as Skype into the regular reporting schedule. I feel I have inadequate knowledge of how best some of the platforms can be of use, and I’ll seek to learn this within a short time frame. I further realized that my notion of leadership lacked empathy, and I could often treat workers like people who cannot be allowed to fail at times. Upon attending the course, I realized that being empathetic creates room for quality reasoning, and helps me relate the events in other people’s lives to my own. I have learnt various qualities of good and bad leadership, and how each style could affect both relationships with staff members and customers and eventually affect the goals of the company. For instance, autocratic leadership leads to low staff morale, and affects both output and attitude towards customers. On the other hand, participative leadership allows input from all members, thereby ensuring that inclusivity is enhanced. I

The rates of reaction Essay Example for Free

The rates of reaction Essay Below are the results of the preliminary testing: Time in seconds As you can see from the results table above the column of 7:3 is not filled up and this is due to timing we did not have enough time in the lesson to complete the full test so we had to leave it, what this informs us is that we either have to reduce the time intervals because of our intervals being 30 seconds it is taking much longer than any body elses, or we have to work at a faster rate. The other reason to why we did not have time to do the last experiment was due to we forgot on several occasions to wash out the conical flask and we often remembered after we added the acid inside and the magnesium, so we had to take it out spill the acid and the magnesium turnings and start all over again because it is not called a fair test if we do not wash the flask out. Other problems that we faced which delayed out time was to put the burette upside down in the water bath, this is because everytime we tried to do this the water contents inside the burette would spill out so we would have to refill the water and try again. From the preliminary testing what I can evaluate is that for some reason there does not seem to be that much difference between the amount of hydrogen produced depending on the amount of concentration . The results seem to be fairly close together and stay in the range of 20 60cm. What I thought would happen is that there would be a drastic change in the results but then if I think about it there would not be a drastic change because we have not used drastic changes in the concentrations so we would not see the clear effects. If I wanted to see big changes in the hydrogen produced then I would have had to have a variety of ranges in the concentration and change is drastically e. g. from 100% to 50%. We ended up doing the experiment with the same concentrations that we used in our preliminary testing this is because we did not mark this problem before, we did not pay attention to the results that much and that was a mistake. I only realised this piece of information when I was analyzing the results and this was too late. The next time when we conducted our proper experiments what happened is that although we used the same magnesium substance magnesium turnings, what was going on was that the rate of the reaction was happening too quickly so in the space of 30 seconds 40cm of water would have been lost, and we were finding that before 210 seconds all the water was finished ,we did not believe it at first so we started up another experiment along side one and it was true the reaction for some reason was really fast and it had defiantly increased in speed since the pilot testing. We then had to change the type of magnesium we were using to magnesium ribbon and we decreased the amount that we were using as well from 0. 2g we decided to use 0. 1 g so that incase the mass of the magnesium was the cause of the fast reaction, by reducing the weight maybe the reaction will slow down. After we changed the magnesium from turnings to powder the reaction between the magnesium and the sulphuric acid was going at the correct speed as before and the reaction happening seemed to look correct. The results tables for the three tests are below: Results 1: Concentrations:100% Above are all the results that we obtained from the three experiments that we conducted. What I am going to do now is collect the mean results and to this what I have to do is add up the cm of hydrogen produced for the concentration of 100% and for 30seconds and divide it by 3 and so on: TIME concentrations. What I can see from this table is that the most amount of hydrogen is produced when the concentration of the sulphuric acid is at its most powerfullest so when the concentration is pure acid. I can tell this because the most amount of hydrogen was produced at the end of the 100% reaction at an average of 73. 3cm. so these results back one part of my prediction and it proved to be correct, but what I can also tell from average results is that as time goes on the amount of hydrogen produced decreased, so this proved my theory of what I thought might happen to be wrong. What I thought would happen is that as time went on the reaction would increase which would mean that the volume of hydrogen produced would be increased, but this was proved wrong because from my average table I can see that at the beginning 90 seconds was when we saw a greater difference between the first volume of hydrogen produced to the next amount in the space of 30 seconds for example from 30 seconds to 60 seconds the volume of hydrogen produced increased from 24.3 to 41. 3 this is an increase of 20cm of hydrogen and from that the volume goes up to 54cm this is an increase of 13. 3cm,but from 90 seconds onwards up to 210 seconds the rate at which the volume increases at is not that sufficient, it increases. By 6,4 then 3.this shows that as time is going on the energy with in the reaction is running out which means that less heat is available for the particles to collide harder and faster to produce the reaction that we are able to see, what is happening as time goes on is that the reaction is loosing he heat energy which is causing the particles to move at a slower speed which means that they are now weaker and that they will not collide more often to produce the hydrogen which in over all basically means that less hydrogen will be produced. After I have produced this table what I have done is that I have plotted these results onto a graph, this graph has all the average results on there so that I am able to compare the results and discus any anomalous results. From the average results graph what I am able to see is that as the levels of sulphuric acid in the solution decreases the amount of hydrogen produced decreases as well. I am distinctively able to see the decrease as the concentration decreases and this is because the lines on the graph decrease at each stage. The average results graph also shows me that during the first 30 60 seconds as the magnesium ribbon comes in contact with the sulphuric acid the levels of hydrogen produced are low, but the thing is that they are low in volume but during the first minute or so is the period of time where I am able to see the greater range between the volumes. So when time does increase the volumes are higher in rate, but not higher between the ranges of each 30seconds. There seems to be more variation during the first minute and a half rather than afterwards. This is visible on the graphs by the steepness of the gradients in the first 30 60 seconds after 90 seconds the gradient starts to curve this is applied to all of the four concentrations. Other general trends that I am able to se by looking at the graph is that as the time approaches to 210 seconds the lines seem to start to curve, this means that if we were to keep recording for a longer period of time the rate at which the hydrogen was being produced would of decreased and the reason to this is that once the energy in the reaction is lost it takes a longer period of time for the particles to come in contact with each other and collide to produce a reaction. I can also see that all four lines end at different volumes of hydrogen. I think that they all end correctly as they do not over take on and other, the reason why I say that they all end correctly is because as the concentration decreases the amount of hydrogen produced should decrease therefore the 100% concentration line should be the line which goes up the highest and the 7:3 concentration line should be the line where the line should end at the lowest amount of hydrogen produced in the whole experiment and this is what has happened therefore the lines are correct in that sense. Evaluation: I think that after we dealt with all the mishaps that we had during the course of the experiments the results obtained were of a good standard and they were reliable results which enabled me to analyse and evaluate them, therefore letting me produce line graphs for the results. I think that the results that I obtained from my experiment are clear and accurate enough, I can say this because when we conducted the experiment for the last three tests we made sure that we followed the safety measurements to ensure that results will be accurate, we did not make any mistakes and remembered to change the water in the measuring cylinder and we also remembered to wash out the conical flask each time we finished with a particular concentration unlike in the preliminary testing . We also made sure that we kept an eye on the time so that we did not exceed the time limit of each experiment and we also made sure that we recorded the results of how much hydrogen was produced as accurately as we could trying to get it to the nearest cm. , because we did all of the above thats why I can say that the results obtained and accurate enough to be used to draw good conclusions and graphs for this investigation. I have found some anomalous results and patterns in the individual experiments not the overall average. If you look at Test 1 graph, then you would see that the lines on the graph seem to over lap each other which is not meant to happen, because in theory what is meant to happen is as the concentration decreases so is the volume of hydrogen produced there for the lines should be in order with the 100% in coming up top followed by the 9:1, 8:2 and the 7:3 results line. But in test 1 results what has happened is that the results for the 9:1 concentration has overlapped with the 100% results. The reason for this is that the results of how much volume of hydrogen was produced for the 9:1 results was higher than the 100% results by 5cm. From the very beginning the 9:1 concentration produced higher results than the 100% concentration at 30 seconds 26cm of hydrogen was produced for the 9:1 testing whilst only 22cm of hydrogen was produced for the 100% concentration, at 150 seconds both sets concentrations had produced the same amount.

John F. Kennedy and the Civil Rights Movement Essay -- Black Civil Rig

In 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected president of the United States. During his campaign he had promised to lead the country down the right path with the civil rights movement. This campaign promise had brought hope to many African-Americans throughout the nation. Ever since Lincoln, African-Americans have tended to side with the democrats and this election was no different. The Kennedy administration had noticed that the key to the presidency was partially the civil rights issue. While many citizens were on Kennedy’s side, he had his share of opposition. Malcolm X differed on the view of the President and observed that the civil rights movement wasn’t happening at the speed Kennedy had pledged. Malcolm X possessed other reasons for his dislike of John F. Kennedy and his brothers, especially Robert. The Kennedy government stood for racial liberalism and Malcolm X argued their true intentions for the civil rights movement weren’t in the best interest of the black population. This tension streamed both ways. John Kennedy and the Federal Bureau of Investigation felt that Malcolm X had become a threat to national security. James Baldwin has written essays that have included the repeated attacks on the white liberal and supports Malcolm in many of his theories and actions. Malcolm X became one of the leading figures during the civil rights movement with his great ideas and speaking abilities. Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X led the Nation of Islam in the United States. The Nation existed as a growing organization and the government felt that it would turn into a violent association. The FBI became intensely interested in Malcolm after his joining with Elijah Muhammad and began to tap Malcolm X and try to find charges against him so he... ...s an informant! Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down at the Cross.† 1995. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998:296-347. ---. â€Å"To Be Baptized.† 1995. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998: 404-474. ---. â€Å"White Man’s Guilt.† 1995 James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998: 722-727. â€Å"Civil Rights.† Congressional Quarterly Almanac 17 (1961): 81. Evanzz, Karl. The Judas Factor: The Plot to Kill Malcolm. NY: Thunder’s Mouth, 1992. Handler, M.S. â€Å"Malcolm X Scores Kennedy on Racial Policy.† New York Times 17 May 1963:14. Jenkins, Robert, ed. The Malcolm X Encyclopedia. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2002. Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur M. A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965.

All the Worlds a Stage by William Shakespeare Essay

â€Å"All The World’s a Stage† by William Shakespeare is a short poem comparing our lives and the many stages we have to a theatrical play and the many rolls an actor plays in them. William Shakespeare identifies the seven stages a person goes through in life. Infancy, the stage where he is a baby introduced to the world, crying and puking in the nurse’s arms. Childhood, this is the stage where he is growing up and starting school with no enthusiasm. The lover, this is the stage where he has a mistress and falls in love with her, while he tries to sing her a song he can’t look into her eyes because he’s so shy. The soldier is when he tries to keep his reputation thinking less of himself and more of others, and always being ready to fight. The justice stage is where he has gained wisdom and prosperity by the many experiences he had in life. The old age stage is when he begins to lose his charm physically and mentally, he also loses his firmness and personality. Finally, physical and mental lose and death, he begins to become dependent on others like a child and needs constant help from others to perform any tasks; he slowly loses his teeth, eyesight, and taste, until he finally dies. In this paper I will analyze the way William Shakespeare compares a person’s life and its many stages to a theatrical stage and the many rolls and actor performs, his tone, how he uses explicit details, imagery, repetition, consonance, and any other figurative language he uses in this poem. Tone The tone in this poem in my opinion is that William Shakespeare feels as if everyone ends up the way people do just because we all go through life as if we were actors on a stage reading a script knowing every step to take till the very end. He is accepting of death, he knows that everyone goes through every single stage of life assuming they know what do to do next, but no one really does. I came to this conclusion because Shakespeare shows no type of anger or excitement throughout the poem. He is neutral; he is neither afraid of death nor excited about it. He feels as if everyone has a purpose in life and to find that purpose you have to go through every stage. It doesn’t matter how confident you are, how hard you try, or how fast you get through each stage, everyone will always end the same way, dying. Shakespeare knows you cannot skip this part of life no matter who you are. One can only enjoy the time you have and wait for your time to come. He understands no one’s life is fully complete until you go through your final stage of life and die. Imagery William Shakespeare uses a lot of very strong visual imagery though out his poem. In line 7-9 one can visualize a little boy in the morning, tired and very slowly dragging himself to school with his satchel, when he says â€Å"the whining schoolboy, with his satchel and shining morning face, creeping like a snail unwillingly to school. † Another sense of strong imagery is in line 5-6, when he says â€Å"at first, the infant, mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms. † In this line one can easily picture a nurse holding a baby who just came into this world for the first time, whining, squirming, and puking in her arms. In line 9-11 William Shakespeare says â€Å"the lover sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad made to his mistress’ eyebrow. † Here he explains that the lover wrote his mistress a song like poem to express his love to her, but his too shy to look her in the eyes while he sings to her. William Shakespeare uses the entire poem â€Å"All the World’s a Stage† as a metaphor to compare the stages of life to a theatrical stage. He explains how the rolls we play throughout our lives are like the rolls an actor plays on stage. He makes sure to say that no one is ever the same person their entire life, just as an actor doesn’t stay the same throughout a play. William Shakespeare uses strong imagery and metaphor in the poem for us to picture images every stage and how we change all throughout them as we read. Sound Sound is a very big part of this poem, because he uses a specific structure, some rhyme and repetition. The structure of this poem is very important because each stage is in order. He goes from infant, to schoolboy, to lover, to soldier, to justice, to old age, and finally death. For one’s life to start you must be born into this world as an infant; then you slowly grow into a schoolboy, become a lover and then a soldier trying to keep your reputation. You gain wisdom and justice and then you grow into old age where you lose your appearance physically and mentally. Lastly you become dependent on others and eventually your life is over. This poem also has some rhyme in it but not much. You will not find rhyme in the same line. In line 7 he uses the word â€Å"whining† and in line 8 he uses the word â€Å"shining† to describe the schoolboy, which both words rhyme with each other. He doesn’t feel the need to have to rhyme so much in this poem for one to fully understand the metaphor he is conveying. He also uses repetition in the last line of the poem. As he says â€Å"sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything† he repeats â€Å"sans† to let you know he has lost his teeth, eyes, taste, everything as he dies. Theme The theme to â€Å"All the World’s a Stage† in my opinion is live life to the fullest with no regrets. Everyone should have their own life, and do their own thing. No one should have the same routine every single day, that’s boring. Be spontaneous, do things you’d never imagine doing. You’d be surprised at the many things one can do in this world at any age; we just have to be willing to leave our comfort zone and let loose. One should not let another person take over their life for any reason. We should have control of it, and be able to do what we want when we want, and not have to ask for permission. Not everyone goes through each stage of life at the same time, it shouldn’t matter how old one is. One should always have time to laugh and have a good time at any time no matter what. In this poem it is very clear that William Shakespeare wants you to understand how one goes through life. One usually goes through life making choices behind choices, living off your decisions and its consequences. We each have our own routine we follow day by day, even if we don’t always notice it. It’s as if were a character in a play and we follow a script we memorize every day, until something unexpected happens and our role changes. We have to accommodate the new situation into our schedule and try to make it work. We also have time to squeeze in some fun and live. We tend to surprise ourselves from time to time to shake up our lives a little. If you go through your whole life thinking â€Å"what if† isn’t healthy, you need to take a risk and throw yourself out there. Have fun and live your life while you still have it.

Courage Essay

Every human being on this planet is unique and different but we are all born with the gift of courage. However there are very few who take advantage of that gift. Courage is the ability to work one’s way through a tough situation, be it mental or physical. We all have faced or witnessed tough challenges before. Th difference, however, is that some people tend to give up when the goings get rough, while others keep on. People commit acts of courage on a daily basis, many of them without even realizing it. Today I will talk to you about an event in particular. Imagine playing hockey with a bunch of boys and being the only girl it’s very difficult, even more then it sounds. I was the only girl on the team and most of the boys would refuse to pass the puck to me or even tell me when I did a good play. This didn’t bother me very much because I knew I would just have to work harder to prove them wrong, it was a challenge I was ready to take on. Half the season was done and everyone got to know me better and most of the team started to be friends with me, except one. His name was Aidan, he had blonde hair and blue eyes. He would always insult me before and after practice, in front of the rest of our team but they would never say anything to the coaches. Yes it was difficult to not let it get to me but I would always tell myself to just let it go. One day before our game he came up to me while I was alone and started insulting me and swearing at me. My only defence was to stand up for myself and tell him what I thought, I pinned hi m against the wall and told him how bullying people isn’t gonna make himself feel better and that he should stop immediately. After that day, he never bugged me again and that act of courage changed my life for the better. Courage is a necessity to the evolution of our people. Without courage, African-Americans would still be stuck I’m slavery. There would be no one there to fight for the rights of the people we now consider equals. Courage can be found I’m various forms. Courage is the only thing that gets us through the hard times, and the tempting opportunities. Courage is vital to the evolution of the human population. It os also an essential quality to becoming a successful person.

Lapp samoan essays

Lapp samoan essays The Samoan culture and the Lapp culture are completely different in their way of life, their culture, and also in the areas that they inhabit. Samoans live an island dwelling lifestyle while Lapps inhabit the Fennoscandian area. Samoan lifestyle is strict and very harsh. They believe in social hierarchies and have what they call a faamatai which is their system of government including a ruler for their village. Also, their villages are contrived of aigas which are considered by each other as siblings. Within the Lapp culture they do not govern a strict way of life and are known to be a very peaceful and tranquil culture. They dont believe in social hierarchies and the entire village serves as their own leaders and all disagreements and feuds are usually settled by everyone. Both the Lapps and Samoans subsistence modes differ greatly. Lapps are mainly pastoralists, and hunters and gatherers, while Samoans are simple horticulturalists. Lapps breed and herd reindeer, hunt, and also fish . Samoans mainly eat vegetables, fruits and of course seafood since they inhabit an island. As for entertainment, Samoans are known to have singing and dancing and music, while the Lapps sources of entertainment are not apparent to others. Lastly, the Samoans have tattooing as a way of entering adulthood from adolescence. It is unknown as to whether the Lapps had any form of initiation into adulthood. Although Samoans and the Lapps have many differences, they also have few similarities. Both cultures have a certain way of life and laws that thye must abide by. Each culture has some sort of village council that settles any disputes and problems. The Coast Lapps and the Samoans both dwelled in seaside villages. The River Lapps and the Samoans were both simple horticulturalists. It is also apparent that both cultures lived off of fishing as one of their sources of food. As for their religion, the aboriginal Samoans bel ...

Definition and Examples of Language Death

Definition and Examples of Language Death Language death is a  linguistic term for the end or extinction of a language. Also called language extinction. Language Extinction Distinctions are commonly drawn between an endangered language (one with few or no children learning the language) and an extinct language (one in which the last native speaker has died).   A Language Dies Every Two Weeks Linguist David Crystal has estimated that one language [is] dying out somewhere in the world, on average, every two weeks (By Hook or by Crook: A Journey in Search of English, 2008). Language Death Every 14 days a language dies. By 2100, more than half of the more than 7,000 languages spoken on Earthmany of them not yet recordedmay disappear, taking with them a wealth of knowledge about history, culture, the natural environment, and the human brain. (National Geographic Society, Enduring Voices Project)I am always sorry when any language is lost, because languages are the pedigree of nations. (Samuel Johnson, quoted by James Boswell in The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides, 1785)Language death occurs in unstable bilingual or multilingual speech communities as a result of language shift from a regressive minority language to a dominant majority language. (Wolfgang Dressler, Language Death. 1988)Aboriginal Australia holds some of the worlds most endangered languages including Amurdag, which was believed to be extinct until a few years ago when linguists came across speaker Charlie Mangulda living in the Northern Territory.(Holly Bentley, Mind Your Language. The Guardian, Aug. 13, 2010) The Effects of a Dominant Language A language is said to be dead when no one speaks it any more. It may continue to have existence in recorded form, of coursetraditionally in writing, more recently as part of a sound or video archive (and it does in a sense live on in this way)but unless it has fluent speakers one would not talk of it as a living language. . . .The effects of a dominant language vary markedly in different parts of the world, as do attitudes towards it. In Australia, the presence of English has, directly or indirectly, caused great linguistic devastation, with 90% of languages moribund. But English is not the language which is dominant throughout Latin America: if languages are dying there, it is not through any fault of English. Moreover, the presence of a dominant language does not automatically result in a 90% extinction rate. Russian has long been dominant in the countries of the former USSR, but there the total destruction of local languages has been estimated to be only (sic) 50%.(David Crystal, Language Death. Cambridge University Press, 2002) Aesthetic Loss The main loss when a language dies is not cultural but aesthetic. The click sounds in certain African languages are magnificent to hear. In many Amazonian languages, when you say something you have to specify, with a suffix, where you got the information. The Ket language of Siberia is so awesomely irregular as to seem a work of art.But let’s remember that this aesthetic delight is mainly savored by the outside observer, often a professional savorer like myself. Professional linguists or anthropologists are part of a distinct human minority. . . .At the end of the day, language death is, ironically, a symptom of people coming together. Globalization means hitherto isolated peoples migrating and sharing space. For them to do so and still maintain distinct languages across generations happens only amidst unusually tenacious self-isolationsuch as that of the Amishor brutal segregation. (Jews did not speak Yiddish in order to revel in their diversity but because they lived in an a partheid society.)(John McWhorter, The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English. World Affairs Journal, Fall 2009) Steps to Preserve a Language [T]he best non-linguists can do, in North-America, towards preserving languages, dialects, vocabularies and the like is, among other possible actions, (French linguist Claude Hagà ¨ge, author of On the Death and Life of Languages, in Q and A: The Death of Languages. The New York Times, Dec. 16, 2009) Participating in associations which, in the US and Canada, work to obtain from local and national governments a recognition of the importance of Indian languages (prosecuted and led to quasi-extinction during the XIXth century) and cultures, such as those of the Algonquian, Athabaskan, Haida, Na-Dene, Nootkan, Penutian, Salishan, Tlingit communities, to name just a few;Participating in funding the creation of schools and the appointment and payment of competent teachers;Participating in the training of linguists and ethnologists belonging to Indian tribes, in order to foster the publication of grammars and dictionaries, which should also be financially helped;Acting in order to introduce the knowledge of Indian cultures as one of the important topics in American and Canadian TV and radio programs. An Endangered Language in Tabasco The language of Ayapaneco has been spoken in the land now known as Mexico for centuries. It has survived the Spanish conquest, seen off wars, revolutions, famines and floods. But now, like so many other indigenous languages, its at risk of extinction.There are just two people left who can speak it fluentlybut they refuse to talk to each other. Manuel Segovia, 75, and Isidro Velazquez, 69, live 500 metres apart in the village of Ayapa in the tropical lowlands of the southern state of Tabasco. It is not clear whether there is a long-buried argument behind their mutual avoidance, but people who know them say they have never really enjoyed each others company.They dont have a lot in common, says Daniel Suslak, a linguistic anthropologist from Indiana University, who is involved with a project to produce a dictionary of Ayapaneco. Segovia, he says, can be a little prickly and Velazquez, who is more stoic, rarely likes to leave his home.The dictionary is part of a race against time to revi talize the language before it is definitively too late. When I was a boy everybody spoke it, Segovia told the Guardian by phone. Its disappeared little by little, and now I suppose it might die with me. (Jo Tuckman, Language at Risk of Dying OutLast Two Speakers Arent Talking. The Guardian, April 13, 2011) Those linguists racing to save dying languagesurging villagers to raise their children in the small and threatened language rather than the bigger national languageface criticism that they are unintentionally helping keep people impoverished by encouraging them to stay in a small-language ghetto. (Robert Lane Greene, You Are What You Speak. Delacorte, 2011)

A Career As A Film Editor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Career As A Film Editor - Essay Example The skill of an editor is extremely valuable in the post production process because film editing determines the quality and delivery of the resulting product. A film editor plays a significantly vital role in the overall film production process, in the film industry. This can be both as a television programs editor, or a movie editor. Film editing mostly involves the general assemblage of the footage to be viewed on the screen. It can also be compared to artwork such as the shaping of final exhibit sculptures form the various raw materials as provided by the directors (Dickens, 2008). The process of film editing requires that an editor should be in close relation with the director in the film production. This is because the editor needs to understand the storyline of the film just as the director because the work is a combination of ideas from the two parties in telling the story of the film. The editor mostly ensures of the occurrence of continuity which is the seamless unfolding of the story form part to part. The job of the editor officially starts once the shooting of the film or movie wraps up. This is because the shooting of a film involves random scene shooting mostly due to the convenience and other influential factors. In line with this, shots get disarranged and does not flow with the real story intended for the film such as having a scene of the beginning at the end and/or vice versa. It is, therefore, up to the editor to arrange them and link them to flow continuously (Knight, 2007). This requires long working periods and patience in working under strict deadlines and pressure. The editor formulates the imagery and synchronization of the various sound effects which may include the soundtracks, voice covers and/or sound effects. In the culmination to the final presentation of the film’s production, the editor also incorporates added visual effects. William Hal Ashby is a films editor based in Hollywood films Productions Company. He began his f ilms career in the 1960s in Utah, California. He got his big break by winning the academy awards for films editing in his editor role, in the film, â€Å"in the heat of the night† (Hal, 2006: p.9). Looking into his life from when he decided to venture into the career to what he has become in the film industry will be a considerable contribution into the research. Research Rationale The film industry has undergone revolutionary changes with the advent of technology (Dmytryk, 2004). As a result, there has been the development of a better film production and also the categorization of films as a complex world of production. In addition, more people have become interested in film editing mostly because of the recognition that film editors receive. The title of a film editor in the overall production and film making industry is eye catching for most people. Consequently, interested individuals need to understand the role of a film editor well because of the challenges, as well as the opportunities. They should be able to conduct their efficiently and professionally. As a norm mostly witnessed in many industries, the popularization of a role in production more often than not leads to the eroding of the value of the role and the end product. Therefore, in order to ensure that the integrity and efficiency of production of films by film editors is not at risk, it is vital to understand, carry out and uphold the integrity of the editor’s role in this fast evolving technological world (Murch, 2001). This is also in conjunction with the increased uptake of studies for the role of films editors by most students, as well as increased numbers of film

Financial statement analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Financial statement analysis - Essay Example Supplies is a public company which is engaged in the business of manufacturing and supplying of different electrical components. This study is about the financial ratio analysis of the company for the years 2011 and 2012 The ratio analysis has been performed with the help of the financial information present in the company’s financial statements. Different types of ratios have been calculated and divided into three categories, namely, liquidity ratios, activity ratios and profitability ratios. The liquidity ratios calculated for the company indicate that the company was able to generate more ash revenues in the year 2012 as compared to 2011, and this resulted in improvement in its liquidity position in the year 2012. As regards its activity ratios, the company management was able to manage its receivables more efficiently in 2012 but was not able to manage its inventories that efficiently in the year 2012. Next, regarding its profitability ratios, the company managed to genera te more profit in 2012 and thereby improved its profitability position significantly. However, industry ratios were not used for comparison in this study, which is one of the limitations of this analysis. A4M1 Supplies is engaged in the business of manufacturing and supplying different types of electrical components in the market. This study analyses the financial statements of A4M1 Supplies Company for the years 2011 and 2012. The performance and efficiency of an organization can be evaluated through proper analysis of its financial statements ... It includes calculations of various ratios, which helps in the measurement of the financial performance of a company (Siddiqui, 2006, p.623). Various financial ratios of the A4M1 Supplies have been calculated and interpreted in this study. The ratios have been divided into three categories to indicate the liquidity, activity and profitability position of the company in 2011 and 2012. Analysis of the Liquidity Position of the Company The liquidity position of a company can be better understood trough the use of the liquidity ratios, which have been explained in details in this section. The company's ability to fulfill its current existing liabilities is measured through its liquidity ratios. These liquidity ratios are important for a company like A4M1 Supplies because if the company fails to meet such obligations, it might result in the bankruptcy of the company (Gallagher & Andrew, 2007, p. 94). The liquidity ratios computed for A4M1 Supplies include its current ratio, quick ratio or acid test ratio and cash ratio (Appendix - 1). i. Current Ratio This is one of the commonly used liquidity ratios of a business organization. It helps measure the ability of a company of meeting its existing short-term liabilities (Megginson, & Smart, 2008, p. 49). It is calculated as the ratio of the current assets owned by the firm to its existing current liabilities. The current ratio calculated for the company indicates that it has improved in 2012 as compared to 2011. It means that the company managed to improve its liquidity position in the year 2012 and 178% of the current liabilities of the company are available as liquid assets in the form of current assets of the company. ii. Quick Ratio Quick